AWS Certified Developer Associate (DVA-C02)

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Topic 1 - Exam A

Question #1 Topic 1

A developer is incorporating AWS X-Ray into an application that handles personal identifiable information (PII). The application is hosted on Amazon EC2 instances. The application trace messages include encrypted PII and go to Amazon CloudWatch. The developer needs to ensure that no PII goes outside of the EC2 instances. Which solution will meet these requirements?

A Manually instrument the X-Ray SDK in the application code.
B Use the X-Ray auto-instrumentation agent.
C Use Amazon Macie to detect and hide PII. Call the X-Ray API from AWS Lambda.
D Use AWS Distro for Open Telemetry.

Suggested Answer: A
NOTE: Answer is :A
Explanation :Manually instrumenting the X-Ray SDK allows the developer to have granular control over what trace data is collected and sent to X-Ray and hence, they can ensure that no Personal Identifiable Information goes outside of the EC2 instances.

Question #2 Topic 1

A company is planning to deploy an application on AWS behind an Elastic Load Balancer. The application uses an HTTP/HTTPS listener and must access the client IP addresses. Which load-balancing solution meets these requirements?

A Use an Application Load Balancer and the X-Forwarded-For headers.
B Use a Network Load Balancer (NLB). Enable proxy protocol support on the NLB and the target application.
C Use an Application Load Balancer. Register the targets by the instance ID.
D Use a Network Load Balancer and the X-Forwarded-For headers.

Suggested Answer: A
NOTE: Answer is :A
Explanation :To capture the client IP address with HTTP or HTTPS requests, an Application Load Balancer should be used with X-Forwarded-For headers. This allows the IP address of the client to be forwarded on to the application. As such, Option A is the correct answer. Network Load Balancers (Options B and D) don't natively support HTTP/HTTPS listeners and while they can be configured with proxy protocol, it's much simpler to use the Application Load Balancer solution. For Option C, registering targets by instance ID does not address capturing client IP information.

Question #3 Topic 1

A company has installed smart meters in all its customer locations. The smart meters measure power usage at 1-minute intervals and send the usage readings to a remote endpoint for collection. The company needs to create an endpoint that will receive the smart meter readings and store the readings in a database. The company wants to store the location ID and timestamp information. The company wants to give its customers low-latency access to their current usage and historical usage on demand. The company expects demand to increase significantly. The solution must not impact performance or include downtime while scaling. Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

A Store the smart meter readings in an Amazon RDS database. Create an index on the location ID and timestamp columns. Use the columns to filter on the customers' data.
B Store the smart meter readings in an Amazon DynamoDB table. Create a composite key by using the location ID and timestamp columns. Use the columns to filter on the customers' data.
C Store the smart meter readings in Amazon ElastiCache for Redis. Create a SortedSet key by using the location ID and timestamp columns. Use the columns to filter on the customers' data.
D Store the smart meter readings in Amazon S3. Partition the data by using the location ID and timestamp columns. Use Amazon Athena to filter on the customers' data.

Suggested Answer: B
NOTE: Answer is :B
Explanation :Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database service that provides fast and predictable performance with seamless scalability. It is capable of handling large amounts of read and write traffic from thousands of concurrent sources and provides high availability and data durability by replicating data across multiple Availability Zones in an AWS region. Its automatic, and cost-effective scaling capabilities would be an appropriate solution for this requirement.

Question #4 Topic 1

A developer is creating an application that includes an Amazon API Gateway REST API in the us-east-2 Region. The developer wants to use Amazon CloudFront and a custom domain name for the API. The developer has acquired an SSL/TLS certificate for the domain from a third-party provider. How should the developer configure the custom domain for the application?

A Import the SSL/TLS certificate into AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) in the same Region as the API. Create a DNS A record for the custom domain.
B Import the SSL/TLS certificate into CloudFront. Create a DNS CNAME record for the custom domain.
C Import the SSL/TLS certificate into AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) in the same Region as the API. Create a DNS CNAME record for the custom domain.
D Import the SSL/TLS certificate into AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) in the us-east-1 Region. Create a DNS CNAME record for the custom domain.

Suggested Answer: A
NOTE: Answer is :A
Explanation :Amazon API Gateway requires that certificates be imported into AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) in the same Region as the API. Therefore, in this case, the us-east-2 Region. It does not support certificates that were imported into CloudFront, and ACM certificates for use with Amazon CloudFront distributions must be imported in the us-east-1 Region. Accordingly, you should import the SSL/TLS certificate into ACM in the same region as the API and then create a DNS A record for the custom domain.

Question #5 Topic 1

A developer maintains a critical business application that uses Amazon DynamoDB as the primary data store. The DynamoDB table contains millions of documents and receives 30-60 requests each minute. The developer needs to perform processing in near-real time on the documents when they are added or updated in the DynamoDB table. How can the developer implement this feature with the LEAST amount of change to the existing application code?

A Set up a cron job on an Amazon EC2 instance. Run a script every hour to query the table for changes and process the documents.
B Enable a DynamoDB stream on the table. Invoke an AWS Lambda function to process the documents.
C Update the application to send a PutEvents request to Amazon EventBridge. Create an EventBridge rule to invoke an AWS Lambda function to process the documents.
D Update the application to synchronously process the documents directly after the DynamoDB write.

Suggested Answer: B
NOTE: Answer is :B
Explanation :Enabling a DynamoDB stream on the table allows close to real-time synchronization of changes happening in the original DynamoDB table. This allows you to have a near-real-time trigger based on changes in the table which makes it the best solution for the given scenario. AWS Lambda is event-driven, therefore it can respond to these changes in a matter of seconds, providing the real-time processing required. In addition, it requires the least amount of change to the existing application code compared to other options.